Reliance Industries Limited Business Environment Analysis

Reliance Industries Limited Business Environment Analysis Business environment is the constraints and opportunities that surround our businesses. This is about exploring the nature of the business in which it is being carried out. The analysis in this essay will be on business environment in which Reliance Industries Limited operates. Reliance Industries Limited or RIL is commonly known as Reliance. The company was founded by Shri. Dhirubhai H. Ambani in 1977 the company was initially started as a textile company and led its evolution as a world leader in materials and the energy value chain The Companys operations can be classified into four segments namely: Petroleum Refining and Marketing business Petrochemicals business Oil and Gas Exploration Production business Others There are two types of business environment INTERNAL and EXTERNAL environment Before coming on to the external forces, the internal forces should be made clear. The internal forces are those forces which are controlled by the organisation itself such as the resources knowledge and decision making Reliance in the above context has a wide variety of resources such as well qualified employees and infrastructure As far as knowledge and decision making is concerned Because Reliance recruits very well qualified persons thereby it reflects when it comes to the decision making process of the company External business environment comprises of Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. These factors can have appositive as well as a negative impact on the company. There are two types of external business environment i.e. micro and macro External micro factors are companys suppliers, transporters, agents, distributers, and wholesalers. External macro factors comprises of Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. The external micro factors can be influenced by the organisation whereas macro factors cannot be influenced by the organisation Polypropylene market in India Over the past forty years polypropylene growth has exceeded that of other major plastics and has become the largest volume commodity resin. Throughout the history of PP through research efforts of various companies, PP has continued to rapidly evolve with new generation of catalyst and post reactor technology. Because of the improvements made to process and application technology, this polymer has developed into one of the cost-effective bulk thermoplastic. Polypropylene is the worlds fastest growing polymer with an average growth rate of about 7-8%. It is very important for a company to understand and try to manage the external micro factors i.e. PEST forces as discussed above (P)OLITICAL FACTORS Political factors include government policies relating to the industry, tax policies, laws and regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs etc. As in any part of the world, political influence is highly essential to start a business in India. Especially if you are planning to start a multi-billion business, some sort of political patronage is an absolute necessity. Not only for safeguarding the interest of the company but even to begin the process of getting the required sanctions, one requires hold in the high echelons of politics and administrative circles. Reliance industries also hold a high echelon of political and administrative circles so as to safeguard the interest of a company and for getting the required sanctions. (E)CONOMICAL FACTORS The economic factors relate to changes in the wider economy such as economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate, etc. These factors comprise of Government intervention in the free market, infrastructure quality, economic growth rate, availability of labour, wage rate of labour. (S)OCIAL FACTORS Social factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, changes in tastes and buying patterns, etc. Safety of a person overrides all the production targets is the Health, Safety and Environment Policy of Reliance. Occupational Health Centres (OHCs) have been established to provide education on health and awareness issues, diagnostic camps and health exhibitions are also arranged. RIL also offers periodic medical examination of all the employees (including Contractors employees) along with their family members. In case of any hospitalisation RIL employees are supported by consistent co-operation and cashless hospitalisation amenities from one corner of a country to another. The company also provides fully equipped hospitals in all its major townships. The company also helps conduct Periodic potable water sampling analysis and health audits for the canteens and guest houses. A new initiative was launched by RIL called (CASHe) programme i.e. Change Agents for Safety, Health workplace Environment. This initiative was launched to promote healthy workplaces and reduce health and safety risks. It has also facilitated the Syndicate to advance its enactment on the occupational health and safety front. The companys long term objective is to address all environmental initiatives as they want to become more positive about water conservation, carbon neutral and conduct the maximum possible recycling and reuse of wastes. The company has further been reinforced in context of companys management framework with roles responsibilities, group standards and defined structures. RILs Patlganga plant has changed over to use of a cleaner fuel. This resulted in substantial reduction of suspended particulate substance and sulphur dioxide releases in the air. RIL has indoctrinated a practice to be in coordination with nature and in this circumstance, afforestation, upkeep of green belts and promoting lush green surroundings as they have decided to planted around 1,00,000 plants at the OT, gardens, vermin-compost of waste and its use as manure, they also reuse treated water for horticulture activities as a routine. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The technological factors relate to the application of new inventions and ideas such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. RIL has always laid emphasis on RD, technology development and innovation. The reliance Group (RTG) undergoes various research and technology functions which help them produce improved value supply by leveraging all the abilities, and creating new prospects at the interfaces. At the time of recession also RIL did not even step back their zeal to innovate helped them convert the adversity into an opportunity. The company launched a ground-breaking initiative called mission kurukshetra which was aimed at emerging the organisation to rise to the occasion and also help the company to emerge stronger. This initiative not only helped in combatting the challenges with a win but also identified serial ideators; the enterprise facilitated them by rewarding them for their leadership. The Leading Expert Access Programme (LEAP). The people at RIL are inspired by leaders and also provide them access to global thought. The RIL draws an agenda on innovation with the help of The Reliance Innovation Leadership Centre (RILC) which helps the company to stay amongst one of the most innovative companies in the world. RIL continues its journey to make improvement a way of life and want to confirm that the growth of the next generation are led by innovation. Advantages of PEST analysis: PEST analysis is an effective and efficient tool, which provides a framework to an organisation for effective decision making. By making effective use of PEST analysis, one can ensure affirmative orientation of the business organisation. PEST analysis also helps an organisation in avoiding decisions which should not be taken. PEST analysis helps in making lawful decisions for the companies which are willing to enter into a new market. Disadvantages of PEST analysis: PEST analysis considers only the external business factors, but in reality all the factors should be considered in order to make effective decisions for an organisation. Most of the data gathered through this analysis is based on assumptions, which sometimes may not prove to be fruitful for an organisation. The rapid changes in the world economy can also make it difficult in analysing PEST factors for an organisation. Another factor which comes under consideration is the SWOT analysis of the company SWOT stands for strengths weakness opportunities and threats. RILs SWOT analysis is as follows: (S)TRENGTHS Consolidations: There are only two main players of in petrochemicals and a solid consolidation has been seen in last few years as 85% of polymer capacity is with these companies namely reliance and haldia (W)EAKNESS Low bargaining power from the suppliers: The input prices form nearly 50-60% of the raw material costs. Reliance being a petrochemical player does not have much of a negotiating power counter to the suppliers. Therefore they always remain unprotected to the prices of the raw material. Low bargaining to from the customers: As there is an increase in the input cost therefore the companies are not able to offer any price reductions or bargains to the customers. (O)PPORTUNITIES Low per capita income: Currently, domestic per person polymer consumption is nearly 4 kgs while if we see the global average it is nearly 20 kgs. This tells the fact that there is huge scope of volume expansion in INDIA as the market to be selected is very massive.therefore there is a massive scope of product development. Also, currently, India has a chemicals trade deficit of about US$ 1.5 bn a year, which leaves enough investment opportunities in the industry. (T)hreats Customs duties: The polymer industry has a protection from overseas competition by leveraging high import duties imposed by the government. However, of late, Import duty on polymers has been steadily reduced and is currently at 20%. As part of its commitment to various multilateral and bilateral trade agreements, the government is likely to reduce duties.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Welcome ... again ... to the graduation of the class of 2012... and a congratulations to you class ... you deserve it. First of all ... thank you class ... I am honored to be chosen to speak tonight and I am truly honored to have been able to spend these last four years ... with all of you. The day has finally arrived. It is June 7th, 2006... 7 p.m. It is so hard to believe that this is the day that we have been counting down to for the last few months. This is supposed to be the end of the beginning, the first day of the rest of our lives ... we all seem so set with our future and we seem so sure of exactly what it will foretell. However, regardless of how mature we may think we are ... we are not. We are still so young and new. We have so much to learn. So much more note-taking to take. So many more halls to walk and so many more people to meet. So very few allowed sick days to take. We have so much more space to make mistakes ... but also ... we have the space to correct them. We may be out of the building, friends, but we will be taught and tested for decades to come ... but this time in life. The memories of tonight and these last four years will soon be added with new memories, new friends, new jobs, new loves and relationships, and most important will be a new you. Maybe in the next few years you will be a mom ... or dad, but just maybe you will never have kids. Maybe you will start a career right out of high school, but maybe you will go to school ... hey maybe you will go to school for the rest of your life. But whatever we may become, we can all remember that these last four years have demanded patience ... and have demanded time. The last four years has offered an education ... the last four years has offere... ... with a small act of kindness. Kindness is just taking time out of your day to help ... and to not expect anything in return ... like Isaiah, Denies, and others with these special purple ribbons. Hey and maybe you are easy going like Blake c ... he thinks that just liking him for who he is and not for what you want him to be is kind. You never truly know what happiness a simple act of kindness will bring about. As said before, we are still so very young and new, and we have so much to learn. "Great opportunities to help others seldom come, but small ones surround us every day ... " The challenge is ours ... not just as graduates ... but us as the future ... let us create a world where human relationships are what we value ... and where kindness is the basis of that. Let us go into a world where small acts of kindness are more important that act of self.

Sase study Essay

What is the break-even point in passengers and revenues per month?†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ First we have to figure out the contribution Margin = Sales per fare – variable expense per unit:†¨ $160.00 – $70.00 = $90.00 (Contribution Margin.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Break Even point in passengers= Fixed costs (divided) contribution Margin:†¨ $3,150,000 / $90 = 35,000 passengers.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Break-even point in revenues per month = Fare sales to breakeven (X) Sales per unit.†¨ 35,000 x $160 = $5,600,000 †¢What is the break-even point in number of passenger train cars per month?†¨ At 70% load = 90 x 70% = 63†¨ Breakeven point in passengers = 35,000/63 = 556 cars†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ c) If Springfield Express raises its average passenger fare to $ 190, it is estimated that the average load factor will decrease to 60 percent. What will be the monthly break-even point in number of passenger cars?†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 90 seats x 60% = 54†¨ Contribution Margin = $190 – $70 = $120†¨ Fixed costs $3,150,000/ $120 = 26250 Passengers†¨ 26250/54 = 486 cars d) (Refer to original data.) Fuel cost is a significant variable cost to any railway. If crude oil increases by $ 20 per barrel, it is estimated that variable cost per passenger will rise to $ 90. What will be the new break-even point in passengers and in number of passenger train cars? Contribution margin = ($160 – $90) = $70 3,150,000/70 = 45,000 Breakeven point in number of passenger cars per month: 90Ãâ€"70% = 63 45,000/ 63 = 714 cars e) Springfield Express has experienced an increase in variable cost per passengers to $ 85 and an increase in total fixed cost to $ 3,600,000. The company has decided to raise the average fare to $ 205. If the tax rate is 30 percent, how many passengers per month are needed to generate an after-tax profit of $ 750,000? New Contribution Margin: $205- $85 = $120.00 Profit=after tax profit/tax rate = $750,000x 70% = $1,071,429 Breakeven point in passengers = $3,600,000 + $1071.429 = $4,671,429 (divided) $120 (CM) = 38,929 Passengers f). (Use original data). Springfield Express is considering offering a discounted fare of $ 120, which the company believes would increase the load factor to 80 percent. Only the additional seats would be sold at the discounted fare. Additional monthly advertising cost would be $ 180,000. How much pre-tax income would the discounted fare provide Springfield Express if the company has 50 passenger train cars per day, 30 days per month? CM= $120 – $70 = $50 Load Factor = 80% – 70% = 10% Additional Rider CM = 50 cars x 90 seats x 10% = 450 Per day Revenue: $160 x 3150 = $504,000 + $54,000 ($120 x 450) = $558,000 Variable cost per day: 70 x 3,600 (total seats) = $252,000 Per day income: $558,000 – $252,000 = $306,000 x 30 days = $9,180,000 Profit = $9,180,000 – $3,150,000 – $180,000 (addtl. monthly advertising cost) = $5,850,000. g). Springfield Express has an opportunity to obtain a new route that would be traveled 20 times per month. The company believes it can sell seats at $ 175 on the route, but the load factor would be only 60 percent. Fixed cost would increase by $ 250,000 per month for additional personnel, additional passenger train cars, maintenance, and so on. Variable cost per passenger would remain at $ 70. CM = $175 – $70 = $105 Number of passengers x load factor = 90 x 60% = 54 CM per ride: ($175 – $70) = $105 x (90 x 60% load) 54 = $5670 x 20 rides = $113,400 (per month) 1. Should the company obtain the route? I don’t think it would be profitable unless we can increase the number of passengers a month for this route in order to break even 2. How many passenger train cars must Springfield Express operate to earn pre-tax income of $ 120,000 per month on this route? Profit = CM x Q – fixed expenses $175x – $70x – $250,000 = $120,000 $105x = $370,000 X = 3,524 3524/54 = 65 train cars 3). If the load factor could be increased to 75 percent, how many passenger train cars must be operated to earn pre-tax income of $ 120,000 per month on this route? CM = $105 90 x 75% = 67.5 67.5 x $105 x 20 cars = $141,750 $175 – $70 = $105 $105 = $370,000 ($250,000 + $120,000) 3,524 passengers 3,524/67.5 = 52 trains 4) What qualitative factors should be considered by Springfield Express in making its decision about acquiring this route? Considerations in decision making in addition to the qualitative or financial factors highlighted by incremental analysis. They are the factors relevant to a decision that are difficult to measure in terms of money. Qualitative factors may include effect on employee morale, schedules and other elements, relationships with and commitments to suppliers, effect on present and future suppliers and effect on present and future customers.

The Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Risk

Statement of the problem According to American Diabetes Association (2004), GDM is usually diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks (p. S88). GDM affects approximately seven percent of all pregnancies (p. S88). If GDM is left untreated, it can cause adverse effect on the mother and the child. American Diabetes Association (2004) also illustrated that maternal and perinatal morbidities are linked to the untreated GDM (p. S88). Although gestational diabetes disappears after birth, women with GDM are at increased risk for developing diabetes later in life. As mentioned by National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2006), babies of untreated mothers with GDM can suffer from macrosomia, hypoglycemia, jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome and low†¦show more content†¦Search terms Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Physical activity, Nutrition, Pregnancy, Management Literature review Clinical trial by Morisset et al. (2014) and research by Redden, LaMonte, Freudenhein and Rudra (2011) supported the value of healthy diet and physical activity to manage the gestational weight gain and primary prevention of GDM respectively. In a research article by Morisset et al. (2014), the focus of the intervention was on controlling gestational weight gain in women with GDM by reducing energy intake and percent of energy from carbohydrates. Women with GDM should create a healthy diet plan, eating a small amount of carbohydrate and spread out carbohydrate throughout the day. In Morisset et al. s (2014) research, the sample consisted originally of forty- eight pregnant women at the CHU de Quebec, but excluding the women with pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes, it was reduced to 17 women with GDM and 27 women with normal glucose tolerance (controls). The result in this study supported the hypothesis that reducing total carbohydrate and energy intake could min imize gestational weight gain. 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