De Las Casas Free Essays

In Bartolome De Las Casas’s â€Å"from The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies† a lot of descriptive verbiage is utilized to paint a distinct picture of good vs. evil in an unjust world. Referencing the Spaniards as Christians is done with a great deal of anger, and sarcasm. We will write a custom essay sample on De Las Casas or any similar topic only for you Order Now These Spaniards performed many acts of evil as they brutally tortured, killed, and enslaved the Native American peoples. According to De Las Casas â€Å"they attacked the towns and spared neither the children nor the aged nor pregnant women nor women in childbed, not only stabbing them and dismembering them but cutting them to pieces as dealing with sheep in a slaughter house†. (40) This was such a gruesome, cruel, and violent act of murder, without regard to even those we view as pure innocence such as that of a child. This provokes the reader to feel an intense sorrow and heartache for these innocent Native Americans. De Las Casas portrays the Native American people as innocent, gentle prey to the Spaniards, thus referring to them as â€Å"sheep. † They were deemed weak in their efforts to fight back, and they were unable to seek refuge in the mountains where they tried to flee. This piece incorporates multiple biblical representations throughout as well. The â€Å"sheep† biblically represent the followers of Christ, and they are submissive followers with little to no resistance like that of the Native American peoples. However, the so-called Christian Spaniards acted like ravenous, greedy animals rather than human Christ like leaders. De Las Casas, Bartolome â€Å"from The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature 8th ed. Ed Nina Baym et al. Vol. A. New York: Norton, 2012. 38-42. How to cite De Las Casas, Papers

Organizational Structure And Function Of Johnson Johnson Commerce Essay Example For Students

Organizational Structure And Function Of Johnson Johnson Commerce Essay Like other transnational companies, Johnson A ; Johnson had form functional type of construction during its first operation. As the company went into globally and involved in complex merchandises operation, Johnson A ; Johnson formed a divisional organisation construction for better control and coordination. The construction at Johnson A ; Johnson consists of 180 separate runing units, including McNeil Consumer Products, shapers of Tylenol ; Ortho Pharmaceuticals, which makes Retin-A and birth control pills ; and J A ; J Consumer Product, the company that brings us Johnson s Baby Shampoo and Band Aids, eachA divisionA is a individually chartered and Johnson A ; Johnson Family Headquarters will supervise all the operations. This decentralised construction of organisation allows the employees to develop themselve in the company. It is besides helps in invention which allows the employees use their accomplishments and knowledge efficaciously to convey together different merchandises and engineerings to run into with the client demands. A good scheme besides will be constructed as a feedback to client and market issues arose in each division. Normally, Johnson A ; Johnson companies around the universe are coordinated by local people in peculiar state because they can understand the demands in those market and use themselves in those market. 3.2 Selling in Johnson A ; Johnson Marketing section in Johnson A ; Johnson plays a important function in non merely advancing its merchandises but besides in keeping its trade name name. Johnson A ; Johnson has emphazised four selling mix as the followers: Merchandise Basically, Johnson A ; Johnson has three chief merchandises classs including Pharmaticeutical, Medical Device A ; Diagnostic, and Consumer Healthcare. Some of the merchandises are Feminine hygiene, Denture attention, First assistance, Family planning, Nutritionals, Diabetes attention, Allergy cold and grippe intervention, and Women s Health. Monetary value Johnson A ; Johson effort to maintain their net monetary value additions for health care merchandises within the consumer monetary value index in United Stated. Consequently, the company has cooperated with the goverment to develop differential pricing attack so that people are helped to entree their medical merchandises. Topographic point Johnson A ; Johnson merchandise can be found in sweeping companies like Over the Counter Wholesale.com, WUZ Group, and ShopatHome.com. Its merchandises can besides be bought in retail mercantile establishment. Promotion Johnson A ; Johnson has engaged in advertisement runs which encourage healthy life styles. For illustration: The Campaign for Nursing s Future, Having a Baby Changes Things, and Because We Care We Act ( China ) . Selling Procedure Johnson and Johnson seek in nearing new merchandises invention and sometimes whole new concerns. Their end is to capitalise on scientific innovation, selling penetration and fabrication expertness easy across the full range their concerns. 3.3 Management and Human Resource policies and attacks in Johnson A ; Johnson Human Resource Management plays a alone function in pulling workers and keeping the employees in a well-manner in the company. Johnson A ; Johnson has about 115 000 employees around the universe. Healthy and mental good being employees have become its policies in the company. Johnson A ; Johnson has offered flexible work agreements over the old ages. Johnson A ; Johnson believes that flexibleness is of import to pull many talented employees to work and being loyal with the company, so that it will benefited the company every bit good as the worker could equilibrate their work and life. Flexible agreements include flextime hours, telecommuting, distant work, occasional flexibleness, a tight work hebdomad, summer hours, and parttime work or occupation sharing. Johnson A ; Johnson besides believes that it is of import for the company to be succeeded by pulling, developing, and retaining a base of employees that reflects the diverseness of its clients. .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 , .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .postImageUrl , .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 , .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:hover , .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:visited , .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:active { border:0!important; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:active , .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11 .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5104f7547715ed92195a694ff2ead11:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Energy EssayFurthermore, Johnson A ; Johnson has implement its doctrine which is known as Credo as a counsel in its concern. A Credo ( appendix 2 ) is a set of values that have provided a strategic and moral range for Johnson A ; Johnson coevals of leaders and employees. Johnson A ; Johnson has besides supplying assortment of plans for its employees such as Employee Assistant Program which designed to give employees entree guidance, appraisal, intercession and preparation. 3.4 IT and Information System in Johnson A ; Johnson IT and information system helps in easing the operation of Johnson A ; Johnson. The development of IT has brought the organisation to run more efficient and effectual. Johnson A ; Johnson was known for holding registered many high profiles domain. Johnson A ; Johnson has established Corporate Office of Science and Technology ( COSAT ) which enable people or pioneers to portion their thoughts with the company, seeks out scientific discovery and research the engineerings. The thoughts so will be identified and the incorporation of those engineerings will be facilitated into Johnson A ; Johnson Family of Companies. 4. Decision After through the facts in this study, it can be seen that a good construction in organisation is the cardinal to the well-operates of Johnson A ; Johnson. The human resource direction and selling section besides contribute to the success of the organisation. It is look into how these sections manage their resources and their attacks to achieve the organisational ends and aims. Besides that, the use on the recent engineering by the organisation is the added value to heighten the operation and put the organisation in the competitory place.

Summary of the Poem When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be Essay Example

Summary of the Poem When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be Paper When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be, Summary of the Poem The central metaphor in the first quatrain is the comparison between writing poetry and harvesting grain. The speaker compares the pen with an implement of harvest(â€Å"glean’d my teeming brain†) and books with the buildings(â€Å"garners†) where grain is stored. The metaphor expresses the first of the speaker’s three main concerns: that death will cut short his poetic career. Just as a person’s natural life spans youth, adulthood, and old age, so the growing of grain follows the natural progression of the seasons. For the poet to die young, however, precludes his chance of â€Å"harvesting† the fruits of his mind, which become â€Å"ripen’d† only as the poet ages. These fruits, which are poetic works, grant the poet fame, represented by the â€Å"high-piled books† in line 3. The fear of obscurity was one Keats carried to his death only three years after composing â€Å"When I Have Fears That I May Cease To Be†. Though he had no way of knowing his life would indeed be cut short before he achieved the kind of recognition he sought, he echoes this concern in the final line of the sonnet. Lines 5-8 We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the Poem When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the Poem When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the Poem When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some readers believe that the second quatrain continues to discuss the fear that death will cut short the speaker’s poetic career. These readers infer that the â€Å"high romance† symbolized by the night clouds is a literary concept, a level of artistic expression the speaker will never â€Å"live to trace,† or to realize. But another reading is possible. The night sky as a symbol for the ultimate questions that haunt man dates back to ancient times. The Hebrew Psalmist, for instance, reflects on die stars in Psalm 8(in the King James Bible) and asks himself, â€Å"What is man? While Keats’s use of the word romance† might suggest a literary meaning, die reader must also acknowledge more philosophical implications. The clouds move across die moon and stars, making â€Å"shadows† that recall Plato’s analogy of me cave wall. These shadows, cryptic and insubstantial as they are, reveal die greater mystery of the heavens. By living, the poe t hopes he can divine the explanation for — die â€Å"Truth† of — the universe, and by extension me riddle of his own existence. Whether or not he lives to do so, however, remains at the discretion of â€Å"the magic hand of chance,† or fate. If he dies too soon, he knows, he will not be able to solve the mystery of the heavens, to â€Å"trace their shadows. † This fear that he will die in ignorance of the soul’s ultimate destiny is one mat goes far beyond the question of poetic fame in the first quatrain. It is also a concept mat remains unsettled by the final two lines of the poem — not dissolving, as do â€Å"love† and â€Å"fame,† to â€Å"nothingness. † Lines 9-12 The third quatrain speaks of another kind of â€Å"high romance,† that of â€Å"unreflecting love. In these lines, the speaker first addresses his beloved in typically romantic terms(â€Å"fair creature†), yet the quatrain’s main concern is not the beloved at all. Instead, it is the self. The speaker’s meditation on his beloved leads instantly to his twin fears of time and death. Because of life’s fleetingness, his love is only â€Å"of an hour. † Further, the consciousness of time — and of love’s transience — precludes what the speaker suggests is the best kind of love: love devoid of analytical scrutiny and therefore free of the fear of loss and death. This kind of love has a â€Å"faery power† (in mythology, fairies are immortal) precisely because it is â€Å"unreflecting. † Because the speaker’s nature is to be self-conscious, die opposite of â€Å"unreflecting,† he fears he will never experience this kind of love. Lines 13-14 In the end, the speaker’s recognition that he lacks the qualities of â€Å"unreflecting love† leads him to the state of alienation described in the final couplet. Because he is too self-conscious to love, he is forced to â€Å"stand alone. † Isolated, he continues to â€Å"think. † But thinking is, in this poem, equal to death. As he reflects on time’s inevitable course, two things the speaker holds most valuable in life — â€Å"love and fame† — are shown to be insubstantial given the fact of death, and they dissolve into â€Å"nothingness. † Thus the speaker stands on â€Å"die shore/ of the wide world,† at die edge of what we perceive in life but also close to what might exist beyond. In this state, there is only a hint of solace. While love and fame prove illusory, me â€Å"high romance† of the universe discussed in the second quatrain does not â€Å"sink† into â€Å"nothingness. It is this mystery, represented by the â€Å"huge cloudy symbols† of Line 6, that the speaker comes closest to in die poem, his fear of death leading to the ultimate question of his own existence. Overview Written in 1818, this poem expresses concerns that run through his poetry and his lettersfame, love, and time. Keats was conscious of needing time to write his po etry; when twenty-one, he wrote, Oh, for ten years that I may overwhelm Myself in poesy. By age twenty-fouronly three years later, he had essentially stopped writing because of ill health. There were times he felt confident that his poetry would survive him, I think I shall be among the English Poets after my death. Nevertheless, the inscription he wrote for his headstone was, Here lies one whose name was writ in water. Definitions and Allusions Line 2. glean: in this poem, Keats is using the meaning of collecting patiently or picking out laboriously. teeming: plentiful, overflowing, or produced in large quantities. Line 3. charactery: printing or handwriting. Line 4. garners: granaries or storehouses for grain. Line 6. igh romance: high = of an elevated or exalted character or quality; romance = medieval narrative of chivalry, also an idealistic fiction which tends not to be realistic. Analysis This poem falls into two major thought groups: Keats expresses his fear of dying young in the first thought unit, lines 1-12. He fears that he will not fulfill himself as a writer (lines 1-8) and that he will lose his beloved (lines 9-12). Keats resolves his fears by assertin g the unimportance of love and fame in the concluding two and a half lines of this sonnet. The first quatrain (four lines) emphasizes both how fertile his imagination is and how much he has to express; hence the imagery of the harvest, e. g. , gleand, garners, full ripend grain. Subtly reinforcing this idea is the alliteration of the key words gleand, garners, and grain, as well as the repetition of r sounds in charactery, rich, garners,ripend, and grain. . A harvest is, obviously, fulfillment in time, the culmination which yields a valued product, as reflected in the grain being full ripend. Abundance is also apparent in the adjectives high-piled and rich. The harvest metaphor contains a paradox (paradox is a characteristic of Keatss poetry and thought): Keats is both the field of grain (his imagination is like the grain to be harvested) and he is the harvester (writer of poetry). In the next quatrain (lines 5-8), he sees the world as full of material he could transform into poetry (his is the magic hand); the material is the beauty of nature (nights starrd face) and th e larger meanings he perceives beneath the appearance of nature or physical phenomena (Huge cloudy symbols) . In the third quatrain (lines 9-12), he turns to love. As the fair creature of an hour, his beloved is short-lived just as, by implication, love is. The quatrain itself parallels the idea of little time, in being only three and a half lines, rather than the usual four lines of a Shakespearean sonnet; the effect of this compression or shortening is of a slight speeding-up of time. Is love as important as, less important than, or more important than poetry for Keats in this poem? Does the fact that he devotes fewer lines to love than to poetry suggest anything about their relative importance to him? The poets concern with time (not enough time to fulfill his poetic gift and love) is supported by the repetition of when at the beginning of each quatrain and by the shortening of the third quatrain. Keats attributes two qualities to love: (1) it has the ability to transform the world for the lovers (faery power), but of course fairies are not real, and their enchantments are an illusion and (2) love involves us with emotion rather than thought (I feel and unreflecting love). Reflecting upon his feelings, which the act of writing this sonnet has involved, Keats achieves some distancing from his own feelings and ordinary life; this distancing enables him to reach a resolution. He thinks about the human solitariness (I stand alone) and human insignificance (the implicit contrast betwen his lone self and the wide world). The shore is a point of contact, the threshold between two worlds or conditions, land and sea; so Keats is crossing a threshold, from his desire for fame and love to accepting their unimportance and ceasing to fear and yearn.

Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Example

Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Example Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Cleopatras personal attendant Essay Charmian is Cleopatras personal attendant and she is very apt at dealing with Cleopatra and her moods. When Cleopatra says that she will kill the messenger Charmian proceeds to tell her to keep within yourself. The man is innocent. (page 71 line 76-7) which clearly calms Cleopatra because she apologises and says she was wrong, which, considering Cleopatras personality, is clearly not something she does often. Cleopatra seems to only ever admit that she may have been wrong to Charmian, which implies that they are actually very close and rely upon each other quite heavily.An example of this is when Cleopatra says my salad days, when I was green in judgement, cold in blood, to say as I said then (page 39 lines 76-8). Charmian and Cleopatra are two opposites, Charmian is not a very strong character and is technically very unimportant to everyone, where as Cleopatra is a very strong and overbearing character and is the most important person in Egypt. Enobarbus and Charmian have very similar roles with their principles.They would both be without status, were they not to have their principles, and they both seem to dote on them and have the utmost loyalty, which Enobarbus clearly shows when Antony tells him they must leave, and Enobarbus simply says I shall dot (page19 line 190). However after a closer look it is quite clear they are quite different characters. The main difference between these two characters is that Charmian stayed faithful to Cleopatra where as Enobarbus did not.Cleopatra and Charmian begin the play together, and they end it together, where as Antony and Enobarbus begin it together, and they end it very much apart. Although they begin the play as very good friends, as the play continues, Enobarbus starts to doubt Antony, he says to Antony look, they weep, and I, an ass, am onion-eyed after he talks to the men. Shakespeare delivers this line through Enobarbus, because he is really the only person who would be allowed to say this to Antony, the only one who is allowed to question Antonys judgement.In the end all four of these characters die. This ending is in fact very similar to that of another Shakespearean play Romeo and Juliet. Cleopatra makes it known to Antony that she is dead, even though she is not, and Antony kills himself because of that, which then leads Cleopatra making that lie a truth. The way that they die is very similar mainly because they all do it by their own hand. Cleopatra and Charmian both die the same way, and Enobarbus and Antony both die the same way, which I think Shakespeare did to show that they were still connected, even though they were apart.Cleopatra is overcome with grief and applies a poisonous snake to her body until it bites and kills her, then Charmian also does the same once her mistress is dead. This shows that she obeys her mistress to the very end. I think that Charmian cares a great deal for Cleopatra because when Cleopatra and Charmian are both dead a guard tells Caesar that he found her trimming up the diadem on her dead mistress (page 227 line 336-7) which I think shows great care and affection towards Cleopatra. Enobarbus realises what he has done, leaving his master and his best friend, when he was most needed and decides to kill himself.Enobarbus last words are for his master, as he dies he says O Antony! O Antony! (page 171 line 23). Antony also dies by turning his sword on himself; however he first asked Eros to kill him, which shows that actually in the end, Enobarbus is stronger than Antony. These characters are all very similar, and yet very different and I think that, no matter how they ended up, there is still an unbreakable bond between the servants and their masters, and Shakespeare portrays this very well throughout the play.Even when there was doubt from Enobarbus, his last words were for Antony, which still shows his loyalty. Charmian lived for her queen and she died for her queen, loyal until the end. They both behave with their principles in very unique ways which just enhances their own characters and makes them stand out not only as being their principles closest servants but also as being their own individual person.

Capstone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Capstone - Assignment Example Besides, it is meant to enhance moments of happiness and to make a difference by creating a holistic environment that gives customers across the world an equal opportunity for maximum satisfaction. As a global business, a mission statement has been publicity used to draw a good number of customers who feel that the organization is adhering to their demands (Lussier, 2012). The organizational vision is considered as a framework that determines and controls the business towards the realization of objectives. The Coca-Cola’s vision statement that reads â€Å"to be the best beverage sales and customer Service Company embraces people, portfolio, partners and the planet†, is aimed at achieving sustainability in anticipation of quality growth in the near future. Through the organizational mission, the company has been able to draw much attention that aims at making a difference to the society. As such, the organization focuses on strategic priorities thus sustaining long term delivery and consistent profit margin (Lussier, 2012). Ultimately, the company recognizes that it can only improve on the organizational value by building mutual relationship to stakeholders. Therefore, it listens and takes action that meets the demands of each and every stakeholder. Through engagement such as brand collaboration, international appointments and human right s conferences, the organization has created an image of inclusion and service to the community. Through the above strategy, the organization has gained more opportunity to outdo the rivals in the market by pooling together its resources. The introduction of five potter’s model offers a good framework for the organizational analysis towards the realization of objectives in a competitive market environment (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2012). While three parts of potters models concerns rivalry effects that are felt from the outside, all parts of the model offers a considerable impact to the company thus

Plan for Establishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plan for Establishing - Essay Example Career development process is a process that involves the identification of unique personal abilities of employees and their potential to achieve set goals in their careers. They want to pursue with regard to their careers. Given that the employees comprise of specialists in various departments, Veracity pact limited will benefit a lot from highly skilled manpower. Then employees set their goals and objectives. Every objective selected by the employees should be time-bound. It should also specify materials for the learning process, the mode of evaluation and the expected results are to be outlined. This is to help them have the blue-print of what they desire to achieve over a given duration of time. It is at this level that they are required to set the timeframe of their development goals. In addition, they are to analyze their expectations in sync with the major objectives of the organization which is to create wealth and maximize profits of the company (Rothwell, 45). The appropriate planning is paramount because financial resources are required to support the exercise of career development. In addition, the management needs to make considerations on the pattern to be followed in granting the employees opportunities to update their skills ion their various jobs. Then programme of carrying out the studies is prepared for efficiency. Their proposals are collected by the supervisors and submitted to management for it to have ample time to do strategic planning on how activities are conducted. This is performed to avoid dissatisfaction and friction from employees who are to benefit from the career development. A brief interviewing of employees is carried out by the supervisor in order to assess the career gaps that exist among the employees. For instance, there might be a lack of expertise in some fields of work, miscommunications, lack of

Reliance Industries Limited Business Environment Analysis

Reliance Industries Limited Business Environment Analysis Business environment is the constraints and opportunities that surround our businesses. This is about exploring the nature of the business in which it is being carried out. The analysis in this essay will be on business environment in which Reliance Industries Limited operates. Reliance Industries Limited or RIL is commonly known as Reliance. The company was founded by Shri. Dhirubhai H. Ambani in 1977 the company was initially started as a textile company and led its evolution as a world leader in materials and the energy value chain The Companys operations can be classified into four segments namely: Petroleum Refining and Marketing business Petrochemicals business Oil and Gas Exploration Production business Others There are two types of business environment INTERNAL and EXTERNAL environment Before coming on to the external forces, the internal forces should be made clear. The internal forces are those forces which are controlled by the organisation itself such as the resources knowledge and decision making Reliance in the above context has a wide variety of resources such as well qualified employees and infrastructure As far as knowledge and decision making is concerned Because Reliance recruits very well qualified persons thereby it reflects when it comes to the decision making process of the company External business environment comprises of Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. These factors can have appositive as well as a negative impact on the company. There are two types of external business environment i.e. micro and macro External micro factors are companys suppliers, transporters, agents, distributers, and wholesalers. External macro factors comprises of Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. The external micro factors can be influenced by the organisation whereas macro factors cannot be influenced by the organisation Polypropylene market in India Over the past forty years polypropylene growth has exceeded that of other major plastics and has become the largest volume commodity resin. Throughout the history of PP through research efforts of various companies, PP has continued to rapidly evolve with new generation of catalyst and post reactor technology. Because of the improvements made to process and application technology, this polymer has developed into one of the cost-effective bulk thermoplastic. Polypropylene is the worlds fastest growing polymer with an average growth rate of about 7-8%. It is very important for a company to understand and try to manage the external micro factors i.e. PEST forces as discussed above (P)OLITICAL FACTORS Political factors include government policies relating to the industry, tax policies, laws and regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs etc. As in any part of the world, political influence is highly essential to start a business in India. Especially if you are planning to start a multi-billion business, some sort of political patronage is an absolute necessity. Not only for safeguarding the interest of the company but even to begin the process of getting the required sanctions, one requires hold in the high echelons of politics and administrative circles. Reliance industries also hold a high echelon of political and administrative circles so as to safeguard the interest of a company and for getting the required sanctions. (E)CONOMICAL FACTORS The economic factors relate to changes in the wider economy such as economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate, etc. These factors comprise of Government intervention in the free market, infrastructure quality, economic growth rate, availability of labour, wage rate of labour. (S)OCIAL FACTORS Social factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, changes in tastes and buying patterns, etc. Safety of a person overrides all the production targets is the Health, Safety and Environment Policy of Reliance. Occupational Health Centres (OHCs) have been established to provide education on health and awareness issues, diagnostic camps and health exhibitions are also arranged. RIL also offers periodic medical examination of all the employees (including Contractors employees) along with their family members. In case of any hospitalisation RIL employees are supported by consistent co-operation and cashless hospitalisation amenities from one corner of a country to another. The company also provides fully equipped hospitals in all its major townships. The company also helps conduct Periodic potable water sampling analysis and health audits for the canteens and guest houses. A new initiative was launched by RIL called (CASHe) programme i.e. Change Agents for Safety, Health workplace Environment. This initiative was launched to promote healthy workplaces and reduce health and safety risks. It has also facilitated the Syndicate to advance its enactment on the occupational health and safety front. The companys long term objective is to address all environmental initiatives as they want to become more positive about water conservation, carbon neutral and conduct the maximum possible recycling and reuse of wastes. The company has further been reinforced in context of companys management framework with roles responsibilities, group standards and defined structures. RILs Patlganga plant has changed over to use of a cleaner fuel. This resulted in substantial reduction of suspended particulate substance and sulphur dioxide releases in the air. RIL has indoctrinated a practice to be in coordination with nature and in this circumstance, afforestation, upkeep of green belts and promoting lush green surroundings as they have decided to planted around 1,00,000 plants at the OT, gardens, vermin-compost of waste and its use as manure, they also reuse treated water for horticulture activities as a routine. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The technological factors relate to the application of new inventions and ideas such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. RIL has always laid emphasis on RD, technology development and innovation. The reliance Group (RTG) undergoes various research and technology functions which help them produce improved value supply by leveraging all the abilities, and creating new prospects at the interfaces. At the time of recession also RIL did not even step back their zeal to innovate helped them convert the adversity into an opportunity. The company launched a ground-breaking initiative called mission kurukshetra which was aimed at emerging the organisation to rise to the occasion and also help the company to emerge stronger. This initiative not only helped in combatting the challenges with a win but also identified serial ideators; the enterprise facilitated them by rewarding them for their leadership. The Leading Expert Access Programme (LEAP). The people at RIL are inspired by leaders and also provide them access to global thought. The RIL draws an agenda on innovation with the help of The Reliance Innovation Leadership Centre (RILC) which helps the company to stay amongst one of the most innovative companies in the world. RIL continues its journey to make improvement a way of life and want to confirm that the growth of the next generation are led by innovation. Advantages of PEST analysis: PEST analysis is an effective and efficient tool, which provides a framework to an organisation for effective decision making. By making effective use of PEST analysis, one can ensure affirmative orientation of the business organisation. PEST analysis also helps an organisation in avoiding decisions which should not be taken. PEST analysis helps in making lawful decisions for the companies which are willing to enter into a new market. Disadvantages of PEST analysis: PEST analysis considers only the external business factors, but in reality all the factors should be considered in order to make effective decisions for an organisation. Most of the data gathered through this analysis is based on assumptions, which sometimes may not prove to be fruitful for an organisation. The rapid changes in the world economy can also make it difficult in analysing PEST factors for an organisation. Another factor which comes under consideration is the SWOT analysis of the company SWOT stands for strengths weakness opportunities and threats. RILs SWOT analysis is as follows: (S)TRENGTHS Consolidations: There are only two main players of in petrochemicals and a solid consolidation has been seen in last few years as 85% of polymer capacity is with these companies namely reliance and haldia (W)EAKNESS Low bargaining power from the suppliers: The input prices form nearly 50-60% of the raw material costs. Reliance being a petrochemical player does not have much of a negotiating power counter to the suppliers. Therefore they always remain unprotected to the prices of the raw material. Low bargaining to from the customers: As there is an increase in the input cost therefore the companies are not able to offer any price reductions or bargains to the customers. (O)PPORTUNITIES Low per capita income: Currently, domestic per person polymer consumption is nearly 4 kgs while if we see the global average it is nearly 20 kgs. This tells the fact that there is huge scope of volume expansion in INDIA as the market to be selected is very massive.therefore there is a massive scope of product development. Also, currently, India has a chemicals trade deficit of about US$ 1.5 bn a year, which leaves enough investment opportunities in the industry. (T)hreats Customs duties: The polymer industry has a protection from overseas competition by leveraging high import duties imposed by the government. However, of late, Import duty on polymers has been steadily reduced and is currently at 20%. As part of its commitment to various multilateral and bilateral trade agreements, the government is likely to reduce duties.